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Chemistry Notes For AEO

NTS  Chemistry Notes for AEO TEST
1.Atoms are the bulding blocks of matter.Atoms are combined to form a molecules.
2.Covlant compounds mostly exist in the form of molecules.
3.Atoms and molecules can either gain or loss electorns , forming charged particles called ions.
4.Metels tenend to loose electrons ,becoming positively charge ions.
5.AMU is Atomic mass unit
6.The atomic mass of an element is determined with reference to the mass of carbon as a standard element and is expressed in amu.
7.The fractional atomic mass can be calculated from the relative abundance of isotopes.
8.The separation and indentification of isotopes can be carried out by mass spectrograph.
9.The compostion of substance is given by its chemical formula.A molecular substance can be presented by its empirical or a molecular formula.The empirical and molecular formula are related through a simple integers.
10.Combustion analysis is one of the techniques to determine the empirical formula and then the molecular formula of a substance bye knowing its molar mass.
11.A mole of any substance is the Avogadro’s number of atoms or molecules or formula units of that substance.
12.The study of quantitative relationship between the reactants and the products in a balanced chemical equation is known as stoichiometry.
13.The theoretical yield of a reaction is the quantity of the product calculated with the help of a balance chemical equation.
14.The actual yield of a reaction is always less than the theritical yield.
15.The efficiency of chemical reaction can be checked by calculating its percentage yield.
AEO Chemistry Notes,,SSE Chemistry Notes !!!
16.The behavior of gas is described through four veriables ..Presure ,volume,temperature and its number of mole.
17.The relationship between gas variables are known as the simple gas laws.
18.Boyle’s law relates pressure of a gas with its volume.In it the pressure and volume are variables while the temperature and quantity of gas remains constant.The volume of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to pressure applies  V =k/P
19.Charles law relates volume with temperature,was given French scientist in 1787.According of this law The volume of  given mass of a  gas is directly proportional to absolute temperature when pressure is kept constant. V=k/t 
20.Avogadro’s law is concerned with volume and amount of gas.According of this law,equal volums of all the ideal gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules.
21.The important concept of absolute zero of temperature originates from the simple gas laws.
22.By combination three law’s ( Boyler,Charles,Avogadro),a more general equation about the behavior of gis is obtained..i.e PV=nRT.
23. PV=nRT equation can be solved for any one of the variable when values for others are known.
24. PV=nRT equation can be modified for the determination of molar maseese and the density of the gas.
25.Dalton’s Law of partial pressures can be used to calculate the partial pressure of gases.
26.The process of diffusion and effusion are best understood by Graham’s law of diffusion.
27.Kinetic molecular theory of gases provides a theorical basis for various gas laws.
28.With the help of Kinetic molecular theory of gases a relationship is established between average molecular kinetic energy and kelvin temperature.
29.The diffusion and effusion of gases can be related to their molar masses through the kinetic molecular gases of theory.
30.The real gas show ideal behavior underspecific conditions.They become non-ideal at high and low pressure.The non-ideal behavior results chiefly form intermolar attraction and finite volume accupied by gas molecules.
31.To calculate the pressure of volume of a real gas under the non real conditions ,alternative kinetic equation (Van dar Waal’s Equation) has been developed.
32.The plasma,a forth state of matter,consist of neutral particles,positive ions and negative electrons,99% of known universe is in the plasma state.Plasma was identified by Willian Cookers in 1879.
33.Density of ideal gas PV=m/M(RT)
Chapter No.4 Liquids and Solid FSC Part-1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes !!!
34.The intermolecular attractive forces in the gases are negligible.
35.There are four types of intermolecular forces i.e dipole-dipole forces,London dispersion forces,hydrogen bonding and Ion-dipole force.They relative strength of dipole-dipole and dispersion forces depend upon the polarity , polarisability,size and shape of the molecule.
36.Hydrogen bonding occurs in compounds containing O-H,N-H,H-F bounds.
37.The vapor pressure of a liquid measures the tendency of a liquid to evaporate.It is the pressure exerted by the vapours on the surface of a liquid when the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation.A liquid boils when its vapour pressure equal to the rate of external pressure.
38.Many Crystallian solids melt to give a turbid liquid before melting to give a clear liquid.These turbid liquids posses some degree of order and are called liquid crystal.Liquid crystal have the fluidity of liquids and the optical properties of solids.
39.In crystalline solids the particles are arranged in a regular and repeating manner.
40.The essential structural feautures of a crystalline solid can be represented by its unit cell.
41.The three dimensional array of points representing atoms,ions or molecules is called crystal lattice.
42.The points in the crystal lattice represent positions in the structure where they have identical enviornments.
43.The simplest unit cell is a cubic unit cell.There are seven crystal systems over all.(1)Cubic system (2)Tetragonal system(3)Orthorhombic or Rhombic system (4)Monoclinic system (5)Hexagonal system
(6)Rhombohedral or trigonal system (7)Triclinice system
44.Ionic solids are hard and brittle and have high melting points.
45.Covalent solids consist of atoms held together by covalent bonds and these bonds extend throughout the solid.They are hard and have high melting points
46.Metallic solids consist of metal cations immersed in a sea of electrons and give wide range of properties.
47.Molecular solids consist of atoms or molecules held together by intermolecular forces.
48.Dipole-Dipole Forces : The positive end of one molecule attracts the negative end of the other molecule and these electronics forces of attraction are called diplole-dipole forces.

Chapter No.4 Liquids and Solid FSC Part-1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes !!!
49.In a molecule of HCL ,there is a covalent bond between H and CL which is due to the mutual sharing of electorns.
50.A mixture of substance containing polar and non polar molecules.The positive end of the polar molecule attracts the mobile electrons of the nearby non-polar molecule.In this way polarity in induced.
51.Instantaneous Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces or London Dispersion Forces : It is weaker than dipole-dipole interactions.The strength of these forces depend upon the size of electronic cloud of atom or molecule.When size of the atom or molecule is large then the dispersion becomes easy and forces become more prominent.
52.Hyderogen bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between a highly electronegative atom and partial positively charged hydrogen atom.
53.Soaps and detergents perform the cleansing action because the polar part of their molecules are water soluble due to hydrogen-bonding and non-polar parts remain outside water,because they are alkly or benzyl portions and are insoluble in water.
53.The amount of heat required to vapourize one mole of liquid at its boiling point is called its molar heat of vapourization.Muhammad Ramzan Chheena Mankera District Bhakkar.
54.If physical or a chemical change take place at a constant pressure,then the heat change during this process is called enthalpy change.
55.Some of the crystals show variation in physical properties depending upon the direction.such properties are called anisotropic.
56.The repetition of faces,angles or edges when a crystal is rotated by degree of 360 along its axis is called symmetry.
57.Isomorphism is the phenomenon in which two different substances exist in the same crystalline form.
58. A compound exists in more than one crystalline forms is called polymorphic.
59.The existence of an element in more than one crystalline forms is known as allotrophy.
60.In transition temperature at which two crystalline forms of the same substance can coexist in equilibrium with each other.
61.A crystal lattice is an array of points representing atoms,ions or molecules of a crystal arranged at different sites in three dimensional space.
62.Crystal solids in which the partials forming the crystal are positively and negatively charged ions are called ionic solids.
AEO Chemistry Notes Chapter 5 ( Atomic Structure) FSC Part-1 !!!
63.Itom is made up of extremely small particles.
64.Cathod rays and positive rays were discovered during discharge tube experiments.The properties of cathode rays showed them to be negatively charged particles called electrons,where as positive rays were found to contain positively charged particles called protons.
65.Neutron was discovered through artificial radioactivity.
66.Electorns,protrons and neutrons are regarded as the fundamental particles of an atom.
67.Ratheford discovered the nucleus and successfully explained the presence of moving electrons around the nucles.Muhammad Ramzan Chheena Mankera District Bhakkar
68.in 1905,Planck put forward his famous Planck’s quantum theory.
69.Neil Bohar explain the structure of hydrogen atom by using Planck’s quantum  theory.He also calculated the radius and energy of electrons in the nth shell of hydrogen atom.
70.Neil Bohar atom model successfully explain the origin of line spectrum and the lines present in the spectrum of hydrogen atom in the visible and invisible regions.
71.X-rays are produced when rapidly working /moving electrons collide with heavy metal anode in the discharge tube.
72.Moseley discovered a simple relationship between the frequency of x-rays and the atomic number of the target element.
73.De-Brogile discovered wave particle duality of material particles.According to him all material particles in motion have a dual charcter.Davissan and Germer experimentally verified the waves concept of electron.
Chapter No.6 CHEMICAL BONDING FSC Part-1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes !!!
74.Atoms combine together due to their inherent tendency to attain the nearest noble gas electronic configuration and the formation of a chemical bond always result in a decrease of energy.
75.The size of an atom is expressed in terms of atomic radius,ionic radus , covalent radius and van der Waals radius.
76.It is necessary to understand thermodynamic properties of elements.The minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron form an atom in gaseous state called ionization energy.
77.The Ionic bonds are formed by transfer of electron form one atom to another.
78.Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between combining atoms.
79.After the formation of a coordinate covalent bond,there is no distinction between a covalent bond and a coordinate covalent bond.
80.A polar covalent bond is formed when atoms having different electronegativity values mutually share their electrons.Due to polarity , bonds become shorter and stronger and dipole moment may develop.
81.According to valence bond theory,the atomic orbitals overlap to form bonds but the individual character of the atomic orbitals are retained.The greater overlap The stronger will be the bond formed.
Chapter No.6 CHEMICAL BONDING FSC Part-1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes !!!
82.The VSEPR theory gives information about the general shapes and bond angles of molecules.It is based upon repulsion between bonding and lone pairs of electrons.which tend to remain at maximum distance apart so that interaction between them is minimum.The concept provides an alternative way to explain various geometrical shapes of molecules.
83.The geometrical shapes and bond angles are better explained by different hybridization schemes,where different atomic orbitals are mixed to form hybridorbitals.
84.According to molecular orbital theory,atomic orbitals overlap to form molecular orbitals.
85.The bond energy in defined as the average amount of energy required to break all bonds of particular type in one mole of the substance.It is measure of the strength of the bond.Stronger the dipole of a bond,greater will be the bond energy.
86.The distance between the nuclei of tow atoms forming a covalent bond is called bond length.In general ,It is the sum of covalent radii of the combined atoms.
87.Properties of substances are charachterized by the type of bonds present in them.
88.The diplole moment may be defined as the product of electric charge(q)and the Distance(r) between the two oppositely charged centers.It is a vector quantity as it has magnitude and direction.It plays a major role,in determinating the % age ionic character of covalent bond and the shapes of molecules.It has magnitude and direction.
TOPIC ATMOSPHERE  for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes !!!
89.About 99% of atmospheric mass lies within 30 kilometers of the surface and 75% lies within lowest 11 Kilometers.
90.Niterogen is by volume is 78.09 in atmosphere.
91.Oxygen is by volume is 20.94 in atmosphere.
92.Argon is by volume is 00 .93 in atmosphere.
93.Carbon dioxide is by volume is 00.03 in atmosphere.
94.Atmoshere consists of four layer(Spheres)1.Troposhere2.Stratosphere3.Mesosphere4.Thermosphere.
95.In Troposphere , Temperature decreases from 17 C to -58 C extending upto 12 K.M.
96. In Stratosphere, Temperature increases from -58 to 2 C extending from 12 K.M to 50 K.M
97.In Mesosphere , Temperature decreases from 2 C to -93 C extending form 50 K.M to 85 K.M
98.In Thermosphere, increase -93 C extending from 85 K.M to 120 K.M.
99.In Troposphere are nitrogen and oxygen gases.All air crafts fly in this region.
100.Major air Pollutants are classified as primary and secondary pollutants.
101. primary pollutants are the waste or exhaust products driven out because of combination of fossil fules and organic matter.These are oxides of sulpher,carbon,niterogen,nitric,hydrocarbon,ammonia oxide and compound of fluorine.
102.Secondary Pollutants are produced are produced by various reactions of primary pollutants.These are sulphuric acid,Carbonic acid,nitric acid,hydrofluoric acid,ozone and peroxy acetryl nitrature(PAN)
Chapter No.7 THERMOCHEMISTRY FSC Part-1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes !!!
103.The study of heat changes accompanying a chemical reaction is known as thermochemistry.
104.The subject matter of thermochemistry is based on the first law of thermodynamics.
105.A process which place on its own without and outside assistance and moves from a non-equilibrium state towards an equilibrium state is termed as spontaneous process or natural process.
106.Spontaneous is unidirectional,irreversible and a real process.
107.Neutralization of a strong acid with a strong base is a spontaneous acid base reaction.
108.Burning of Coal and Hydrogen in air are example of Spontaneous.
109.Non-Spontaneous process is the reserve of the spontaneous process.It does not take place on its own and does not occur in nature.
110.The term system is used for anything (materials) under test in the laboratory or under consideration in the classroom for the purpose of argument.
111.A state function is a macroscopic property of a system which has some definite values for initial and final states,and which is independent of the path adopted to bring about a change.
112.Pressure,Volume,internal energy and enthalpy are state function.
113.Heat is quantity of energy that flows across the boundary of a system during a change in its state due to the difference in temperature between the system and the surroundings.
114.The first law of thermodynamics also called the law of conversion of energy , states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed ,but can be changed from one to another.
TOPIC CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM CHAP#8 FSC PART 1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes!!!
115.The reversible chemical reactions can achieve a state in which the forward and the reverse process are occurring at same rate.it is chemical equilibrium.
116.The concentrations of reactants and products are called equilibrium concentrations and the mixture is called equilibrium mixture.
117.Law of mass action provides the relationship among the concentrations of reactants and products of a system at equilibrium stage.
118.The ratio of concentrations of the products to the concentration of reactants is called equilibrium constant.
119.The equilibrium constants are expressed as Kc,Kp,Kn and Kx.
120.The effect of change of concentration,temperature,pressure or catalyst in a reaction can be studies with the help of Le-Chatelier’s principle.
121.Increasing concentrations of reactants or decreasing concentrations of products or heating of the endothermic reactions shifts the reaction to forward direction.
122.The change of temperature disturbs the equilibrium position and equilibrium constant of reaction.
123.A catalyst decrease the time to reach the equilibrium and does not alter the equilibrium position and equilibrium constant under the given conditions.
124.Water is very weak electrolyte and ionizes to a slight degree.The extent of this a auto ionization is expressed by ionic product of water called Kw,having a value 10 minus 14 at 25 Centigrade.The addition of an acid or base change the H exponent Plus and OH exponent negative ,but the ionic product remains the same at 25 Centigrade.
TOPIC CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM CHAP#8 FSC PART 1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes!!!
125.The concentration of H Plus is expressed in terms of pH and that of OH in terms of pOH.Neutral water has a pH=7 and pOH = 7 the value of pKw is 14 at 25 Centigrade.
126.According to Lowery-Bronsted concept of an acid and a base the conjugate base of strong acid is always weak.
127.Lowery-Bronsted concept: pKa and pKb are the parameters to measure the strengths of acids and bases.Muhammad Ramzan Chheena Mankera Bhakkar
128.Those solutions which resist the change of pH are called buffer solutions.
129.Buffer solutions of pH below 7 are prepared by mixing a weak acid and salt of it.
130.in Buffer solutions with strong base while basic buffers can be prepared by combining a weak base and a salt with a strong acid. Muhammad Ramzan Chheena Mankera Bhakkar
131.Hendersen’s equation guides us quantitatively to have the buffer solutions of good buffer capacity and to select the pair of compounds for this purpose. Muhammad Ramzan Chheena Mankera Bhakkar
132.The solubility of sparingly soluble substance are calculated form the solubility product data.This data provides us information about the selective  precipitation and fractional precipitation.
133.Communication effect operates best in buffer solutions,and purification of certain substance.It is one of the best application of Le-Chaterlier’s principle.
134.Work is measured in Jouls in SI Units. Work W=F*S
TOPIC “SOLUTIONS” CHEMISTARY  CHAP#9 FSC PART 1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes!!!
135.Every sample of matter with uniform properties and a fixed composition is called a phase.
136.A solution ,on average, is a homogeneous mixture of two or more kinds of different molecular or ionic substances.
137.Percentage weight/weight : It is weight of a solute dissolved per 100 parts by weight of solution.
138.Molarity : Molarity is the number of moles of solute dissolved per dm cube of the solution.
139.Molarity= Mass of solute / Mol. Mass of solute * 1/Volume of solution dm cube
140.or Molarity = Number of moles of volume/Volume of solution dm cube
141.The mole fraction of any component in a mixture is the ratio of the number of moles ot it to the total number of moles of all the components present.
142.The substance ,which is present in a large quantity is called a solvent and the other in small quantity is called solute.
143.Solutions containing relatively lower concentration of solutes are called dilute solutions.
144.Solutions containing relatively high concentration of solutes are called concentrated solutions.
145.Solubility is the concentration of a solute in a solution,when the solution isat equilibrium with the solute at a particular temperature.
GROUP CREATOR : Muhammad Ramzan Chheena Mankera District BhakkarNTS  Chemistry Notes for AEO TEST
1.Atoms are the bulding blocks of matter.Atoms are combined to form a molecules.
2.Covlant compounds mostly exist in the form of molecules.
3.Atoms and molecules can either gain or loss electorns , forming charged particles called ions.
4.Metels tenend to loose electrons ,becoming positively charge ions.
5.AMU is Atomic mass unit
6.The atomic mass of an element is determined with reference to the mass of carbon as a standard element and is expressed in amu.
7.The fractional atomic mass can be calculated from the relative abundance of isotopes.
8.The separation and indentification of isotopes can be carried out by mass spectrograph.
9.The compostion of substance is given by its chemical formula.A molecular substance can be presented by its empirical or a molecular formula.The empirical and molecular formula are related through a simple integers.
10.Combustion analysis is one of the techniques to determine the empirical formula and then the molecular formula of a substance bye knowing its molar mass.
11.A mole of any substance is the Avogadro’s number of atoms or molecules or formula units of that substance.
12.The study of quantitative relationship between the reactants and the products in a balanced chemical equation is known as stoichiometry.
13.The theoretical yield of a reaction is the quantity of the product calculated with the help of a balance chemical equation.
14.The actual yield of a reaction is always less than the theritical yield.
15.The efficiency of chemical reaction can be checked by calculating its percentage yield.
AEO Chemistry Notes,,SSE Chemistry Notes !!!
16.The behavior of gas is described through four veriables ..Presure ,volume,temperature and its number of mole.
17.The relationship between gas variables are known as the simple gas laws.
18.Boyle’s law relates pressure of a gas with its volume.In it the pressure and volume are variables while the temperature and quantity of gas remains constant.The volume of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to pressure applies  V =k/P
19.Charles law relates volume with temperature,was given French scientist in 1787.According of this law The volume of  given mass of a  gas is directly proportional to absolute temperature when pressure is kept constant. V=k/t 
20.Avogadro’s law is concerned with volume and amount of gas.According of this law,equal volums of all the ideal gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal number of molecules.
21.The important concept of absolute zero of temperature originates from the simple gas laws.
22.By combination three law’s ( Boyler,Charles,Avogadro),a more general equation about the behavior of gis is obtained..i.e PV=nRT.
23. PV=nRT equation can be solved for any one of the variable when values for others are known.
24. PV=nRT equation can be modified for the determination of molar maseese and the density of the gas.
25.Dalton’s Law of partial pressures can be used to calculate the partial pressure of gases.
26.The process of diffusion and effusion are best understood by Graham’s law of diffusion.
27.Kinetic molecular theory of gases provides a theorical basis for various gas laws.
28.With the help of Kinetic molecular theory of gases a relationship is established between average molecular kinetic energy and kelvin temperature.
29.The diffusion and effusion of gases can be related to their molar masses through the kinetic molecular gases of theory.
30.The real gas show ideal behavior underspecific conditions.They become non-ideal at high and low pressure.The non-ideal behavior results chiefly form intermolar attraction and finite volume accupied by gas molecules.
31.To calculate the pressure of volume of a real gas under the non real conditions ,alternative kinetic equation (Van dar Waal’s Equation) has been developed.
32.The plasma,a forth state of matter,consist of neutral particles,positive ions and negative electrons,99% of known universe is in the plasma state.Plasma was identified by Willian Cookers in 1879.
33.Density of ideal gas PV=m/M(RT)
Chapter No.4 Liquids and Solid FSC Part-1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes !!!
34.The intermolecular attractive forces in the gases are negligible.
35.There are four types of intermolecular forces i.e dipole-dipole forces,London dispersion forces,hydrogen bonding and Ion-dipole force.They relative strength of dipole-dipole and dispersion forces depend upon the polarity , polarisability,size and shape of the molecule.
36.Hydrogen bonding occurs in compounds containing O-H,N-H,H-F bounds.
37.The vapor pressure of a liquid measures the tendency of a liquid to evaporate.It is the pressure exerted by the vapours on the surface of a liquid when the rate of evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation.A liquid boils when its vapour pressure equal to the rate of external pressure.
38.Many Crystallian solids melt to give a turbid liquid before melting to give a clear liquid.These turbid liquids posses some degree of order and are called liquid crystal.Liquid crystal have the fluidity of liquids and the optical properties of solids.
39.In crystalline solids the particles are arranged in a regular and repeating manner.
40.The essential structural feautures of a crystalline solid can be represented by its unit cell.
41.The three dimensional array of points representing atoms,ions or molecules is called crystal lattice.
42.The points in the crystal lattice represent positions in the structure where they have identical enviornments.
43.The simplest unit cell is a cubic unit cell.There are seven crystal systems over all.(1)Cubic system (2)Tetragonal system(3)Orthorhombic or Rhombic system (4)Monoclinic system (5)Hexagonal system
(6)Rhombohedral or trigonal system (7)Triclinice system
44.Ionic solids are hard and brittle and have high melting points.
45.Covalent solids consist of atoms held together by covalent bonds and these bonds extend throughout the solid.They are hard and have high melting points
46.Metallic solids consist of metal cations immersed in a sea of electrons and give wide range of properties.
47.Molecular solids consist of atoms or molecules held together by intermolecular forces.
48.Dipole-Dipole Forces : The positive end of one molecule attracts the negative end of the other molecule and these electronics forces of attraction are called diplole-dipole forces.

Chapter No.4 Liquids and Solid FSC Part-1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes !!!
49.In a molecule of HCL ,there is a covalent bond between H and CL which is due to the mutual sharing of electorns.
50.A mixture of substance containing polar and non polar molecules.The positive end of the polar molecule attracts the mobile electrons of the nearby non-polar molecule.In this way polarity in induced.
51.Instantaneous Dipole-Induced Dipole Forces or London Dispersion Forces : It is weaker than dipole-dipole interactions.The strength of these forces depend upon the size of electronic cloud of atom or molecule.When size of the atom or molecule is large then the dispersion becomes easy and forces become more prominent.
52.Hyderogen bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between a highly electronegative atom and partial positively charged hydrogen atom.
53.Soaps and detergents perform the cleansing action because the polar part of their molecules are water soluble due to hydrogen-bonding and non-polar parts remain outside water,because they are alkly or benzyl portions and are insoluble in water.
53.The amount of heat required to vapourize one mole of liquid at its boiling point is called its molar heat of vapourization.Muhammad Ramzan Chheena Mankera District Bhakkar.
54.If physical or a chemical change take place at a constant pressure,then the heat change during this process is called enthalpy change.
55.Some of the crystals show variation in physical properties depending upon the direction.such properties are called anisotropic.
56.The repetition of faces,angles or edges when a crystal is rotated by degree of 360 along its axis is called symmetry.
57.Isomorphism is the phenomenon in which two different substances exist in the same crystalline form.
58. A compound exists in more than one crystalline forms is called polymorphic.
59.The existence of an element in more than one crystalline forms is known as allotrophy.
60.In transition temperature at which two crystalline forms of the same substance can coexist in equilibrium with each other.
61.A crystal lattice is an array of points representing atoms,ions or molecules of a crystal arranged at different sites in three dimensional space.
62.Crystal solids in which the partials forming the crystal are positively and negatively charged ions are called ionic solids.
AEO Chemistry Notes Chapter 5 ( Atomic Structure) FSC Part-1 !!!
63.Itom is made up of extremely small particles.
64.Cathod rays and positive rays were discovered during discharge tube experiments.The properties of cathode rays showed them to be negatively charged particles called electrons,where as positive rays were found to contain positively charged particles called protons.
65.Neutron was discovered through artificial radioactivity.
66.Electorns,protrons and neutrons are regarded as the fundamental particles of an atom.
67.Ratheford discovered the nucleus and successfully explained the presence of moving electrons around the nucles.Muhammad Ramzan Chheena Mankera District Bhakkar
68.in 1905,Planck put forward his famous Planck’s quantum theory.
69.Neil Bohar explain the structure of hydrogen atom by using Planck’s quantum  theory.He also calculated the radius and energy of electrons in the nth shell of hydrogen atom.
70.Neil Bohar atom model successfully explain the origin of line spectrum and the lines present in the spectrum of hydrogen atom in the visible and invisible regions.
71.X-rays are produced when rapidly working /moving electrons collide with heavy metal anode in the discharge tube.
72.Moseley discovered a simple relationship between the frequency of x-rays and the atomic number of the target element.
73.De-Brogile discovered wave particle duality of material particles.According to him all material particles in motion have a dual charcter.Davissan and Germer experimentally verified the waves concept of electron.
Chapter No.6 CHEMICAL BONDING FSC Part-1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes !!!
74.Atoms combine together due to their inherent tendency to attain the nearest noble gas electronic configuration and the formation of a chemical bond always result in a decrease of energy.
75.The size of an atom is expressed in terms of atomic radius,ionic radus , covalent radius and van der Waals radius.
76.It is necessary to understand thermodynamic properties of elements.The minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron form an atom in gaseous state called ionization energy.
77.The Ionic bonds are formed by transfer of electron form one atom to another.
78.Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons between combining atoms.
79.After the formation of a coordinate covalent bond,there is no distinction between a covalent bond and a coordinate covalent bond.
80.A polar covalent bond is formed when atoms having different electronegativity values mutually share their electrons.Due to polarity , bonds become shorter and stronger and dipole moment may develop.
81.According to valence bond theory,the atomic orbitals overlap to form bonds but the individual character of the atomic orbitals are retained.The greater overlap The stronger will be the bond formed.
Chapter No.6 CHEMICAL BONDING FSC Part-1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes !!!
82.The VSEPR theory gives information about the general shapes and bond angles of molecules.It is based upon repulsion between bonding and lone pairs of electrons.which tend to remain at maximum distance apart so that interaction between them is minimum.The concept provides an alternative way to explain various geometrical shapes of molecules.
83.The geometrical shapes and bond angles are better explained by different hybridization schemes,where different atomic orbitals are mixed to form hybridorbitals.
84.According to molecular orbital theory,atomic orbitals overlap to form molecular orbitals.
85.The bond energy in defined as the average amount of energy required to break all bonds of particular type in one mole of the substance.It is measure of the strength of the bond.Stronger the dipole of a bond,greater will be the bond energy.
86.The distance between the nuclei of tow atoms forming a covalent bond is called bond length.In general ,It is the sum of covalent radii of the combined atoms.
87.Properties of substances are charachterized by the type of bonds present in them.
88.The diplole moment may be defined as the product of electric charge(q)and the Distance(r) between the two oppositely charged centers.It is a vector quantity as it has magnitude and direction.It plays a major role,in determinating the % age ionic character of covalent bond and the shapes of molecules.It has magnitude and direction.
TOPIC ATMOSPHERE  for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes !!!
89.About 99% of atmospheric mass lies within 30 kilometers of the surface and 75% lies within lowest 11 Kilometers.
90.Niterogen is by volume is 78.09 in atmosphere.
91.Oxygen is by volume is 20.94 in atmosphere.
92.Argon is by volume is 00 .93 in atmosphere.
93.Carbon dioxide is by volume is 00.03 in atmosphere.
94.Atmoshere consists of four layer(Spheres)1.Troposhere2.Stratosphere3.Mesosphere4.Thermosphere.
95.In Troposphere , Temperature decreases from 17 C to -58 C extending upto 12 K.M.
96. In Stratosphere, Temperature increases from -58 to 2 C extending from 12 K.M to 50 K.M
97.In Mesosphere , Temperature decreases from 2 C to -93 C extending form 50 K.M to 85 K.M
98.In Thermosphere, increase -93 C extending from 85 K.M to 120 K.M.
99.In Troposphere are nitrogen and oxygen gases.All air crafts fly in this region.
100.Major air Pollutants are classified as primary and secondary pollutants.
101. primary pollutants are the waste or exhaust products driven out because of combination of fossil fules and organic matter.These are oxides of sulpher,carbon,niterogen,nitric,hydrocarbon,ammonia oxide and compound of fluorine.
102.Secondary Pollutants are produced are produced by various reactions of primary pollutants.These are sulphuric acid,Carbonic acid,nitric acid,hydrofluoric acid,ozone and peroxy acetryl nitrature(PAN)
Chapter No.7 THERMOCHEMISTRY FSC Part-1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes !!!
103.The study of heat changes accompanying a chemical reaction is known as thermochemistry.
104.The subject matter of thermochemistry is based on the first law of thermodynamics.
105.A process which place on its own without and outside assistance and moves from a non-equilibrium state towards an equilibrium state is termed as spontaneous process or natural process.
106.Spontaneous is unidirectional,irreversible and a real process.
107.Neutralization of a strong acid with a strong base is a spontaneous acid base reaction.
108.Burning of Coal and Hydrogen in air are example of Spontaneous.
109.Non-Spontaneous process is the reserve of the spontaneous process.It does not take place on its own and does not occur in nature.
110.The term system is used for anything (materials) under test in the laboratory or under consideration in the classroom for the purpose of argument.
111.A state function is a macroscopic property of a system which has some definite values for initial and final states,and which is independent of the path adopted to bring about a change.
112.Pressure,Volume,internal energy and enthalpy are state function.
113.Heat is quantity of energy that flows across the boundary of a system during a change in its state due to the difference in temperature between the system and the surroundings.
114.The first law of thermodynamics also called the law of conversion of energy , states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed ,but can be changed from one to another.
TOPIC CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM CHAP#8 FSC PART 1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes!!!
115.The reversible chemical reactions can achieve a state in which the forward and the reverse process are occurring at same rate.it is chemical equilibrium.
116.The concentrations of reactants and products are called equilibrium concentrations and the mixture is called equilibrium mixture.
117.Law of mass action provides the relationship among the concentrations of reactants and products of a system at equilibrium stage.
118.The ratio of concentrations of the products to the concentration of reactants is called equilibrium constant.
119.The equilibrium constants are expressed as Kc,Kp,Kn and Kx.
120.The effect of change of concentration,temperature,pressure or catalyst in a reaction can be studies with the help of Le-Chatelier’s principle.
121.Increasing concentrations of reactants or decreasing concentrations of products or heating of the endothermic reactions shifts the reaction to forward direction.
122.The change of temperature disturbs the equilibrium position and equilibrium constant of reaction.
123.A catalyst decrease the time to reach the equilibrium and does not alter the equilibrium position and equilibrium constant under the given conditions.
124.Water is very weak electrolyte and ionizes to a slight degree.The extent of this a auto ionization is expressed by ionic product of water called Kw,having a value 10 minus 14 at 25 Centigrade.The addition of an acid or base change the H exponent Plus and OH exponent negative ,but the ionic product remains the same at 25 Centigrade.
TOPIC CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM CHAP#8 FSC PART 1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes!!!
125.The concentration of H Plus is expressed in terms of pH and that of OH in terms of pOH.Neutral water has a pH=7 and pOH = 7 the value of pKw is 14 at 25 Centigrade.
126.According to Lowery-Bronsted concept of an acid and a base the conjugate base of strong acid is always weak.
127.Lowery-Bronsted concept: pKa and pKb are the parameters to measure the strengths of acids and bases.Muhammad Ramzan Chheena Mankera Bhakkar
128.Those solutions which resist the change of pH are called buffer solutions.
129.Buffer solutions of pH below 7 are prepared by mixing a weak acid and salt of it.
130.in Buffer solutions with strong base while basic buffers can be prepared by combining a weak base and a salt with a strong acid. Muhammad Ramzan Chheena Mankera Bhakkar
131.Hendersen’s equation guides us quantitatively to have the buffer solutions of good buffer capacity and to select the pair of compounds for this purpose. Muhammad Ramzan Chheena Mankera Bhakkar
132.The solubility of sparingly soluble substance are calculated form the solubility product data.This data provides us information about the selective  precipitation and fractional precipitation.
133.Communication effect operates best in buffer solutions,and purification of certain substance.It is one of the best application of Le-Chaterlier’s principle.
134.Work is measured in Jouls in SI Units. Work W=F*S
TOPIC “SOLUTIONS” CHEMISTARY  CHAP#9 FSC PART 1 for AEO and SSE Chemistry Notes!!!
135.Every sample of matter with uniform properties and a fixed composition is called a phase.
136.A solution ,on average, is a homogeneous mixture of two or more kinds of different molecular or ionic substances.
137.Percentage weight/weight : It is weight of a solute dissolved per 100 parts by weight of solution.
138.Molarity : Molarity is the number of moles of solute dissolved per dm cube of the solution.
139.Molarity= Mass of solute / Mol. Mass of solute * 1/Volume of solution dm cube
140.or Molarity = Number of moles of volume/Volume of solution dm cube
141.The mole fraction of any component in a mixture is the ratio of the number of moles ot it to the total number of moles of all the components present.
142.The substance ,which is present in a large quantity is called a solvent and the other in small quantity is called solute.
143.Solutions containing relatively lower concentration of solutes are called dilute solutions.
144.Solutions containing relatively high concentration of solutes are called concentrated solutions.
145.Solubility is the concentration of a solute in a solution,when the solution isat equilibrium with the solute at a particular temperature.

Important Abbreviations

Very Importent abbreviation words which we are using in our daily life but we dont know the meaning of these all short words....

(F.A)
Facility of Arts.

(F.SC)
Facility of Science.

(B.A)
Bachelor of Arts.

(M.A)
Master of Arts.

(B.Sc)
Bachelor of Science.

(M.Sc)
Master of Science

(B.Sc.Ag)
Bachelor of Science in
Agriculture

(M.Sc.Ag)
Master of Science in Agriculture

(M.B.A)
Master of Business Administration.

(B.B.A)
Bachelor of Business Administration.

(M.B.B.S)
Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of
Surgery.

(CCNA)
Cesco Certified Network Associat.

(CCNP)
Cesco Certified Network Professional.

(CA)
Chartered Accountant.

(ACCA)
Associat Certified Chartered Accountant.

(CSS)
Center Superior Service.

(I.T)
Information Technology.

(D.I.T)
Diploma of Information Technology.

(M.I.T)
Master of Information Technology.

(M.D)
Doctor of Medicine.

(D.H.M.S)
Diploma of Health and Medical Surgery.

(M.S)
Master of Surgery.

(Ph.D)
Doctor of Philosophy (Arts & Science).

(D. Sc)
Doctor of Science.

(B. Com)
Bachelor of Commerce.

(M. Com)
Master of Commerce.

(Dr)
Doctor.

(B.P)
Blood Pressure.

(Mr)
Mister.

(Mrs)
Mistress.

(M.S)
(used for female married & unmarried)
"Miss" used for unmarried girls).

(M. P)
Member of Parliament.

(M. L. A)
Member of Legislative Assembly.

(M. L. C)
Member of Legislative Council.

(P. M)
Prime Minister.

(C. M)
Chief Minister.

(M.P.A)
Member of Provincial Assembly.

(M.N.A)
Member of National Assembly.

(C-in-C)
Commander-In-Chief.

(L. D. C)
Lower Division Clerk.

(U. D. C)
Upper Division Clerk.

(Lt. Gov)
Lieutenant Governor.

(D. M)
District Magistrate.

(V. I. P)
Very Important Person.

(I. T. O)
Income Tax Officer.

(C. I. D)
Crim Investigation Department.

(C. B. I)
Central Bureau of Investigation.

(G. P. O)
General Post Office.

(H. Q)
Head Quarters.

(E. O. E)
Errors and Omissions Excepted.

(Kg)
Kilogram.

(Kn)
Kilo Newton.

(Kw)
Kilowatts.

(Gm)
Gram.

(Mg)
Milli Gram.

(Km)
Kilometer.

(MM)
Millimeter.

(Ltd)
Limited.

(M. P. H)
Miles Per Hour.

(KM. P. H)
Kilometre Per Hour.

(Am)
Ante Meridiem (or) After Midday.

(Pm)
Past Meridiem (or) Past Midday.

(P. W. D)
Public Works Department.

(C. P. W. D)
Central Public Works Department.

(PM)
Project Manager.

(PD)
Project Director.

(U. S. A)
United States of America.

(U. K)
United Kingdom (England.

(K.S.A)
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

(U.A.E)
United Arab Emirates.

(U. N. O)
United Nations Organization.

(W. H. O)
World Health Organization.

(B. B. C)
British Broadcasting Corporation.

(B. C)
Before Christ.

(A. C)
Air Conditioned.

(AC)
Alternative Current.

(DC)
Direct Current.

(S.I)
Sub Inspector (of Police).

(D.P.O)
Divisional Police Officer.

(S.H.O)
Station House Officer.

(I. G)
Inspector General (of Police).

(D. I. G)
Deputy Inspector General (of Police).

(S. S. P)
Senior Superintendent of Police.

(D. S. P)
Deputy Superintendent of Police.

(I.G.P)
Inspector General of Police.

(S.P)
Superintendent of Police.

(I.S.I)
Inter Service of Intelligence.

(S. D. M)
Sub-Divisional Magistrate.

(S. M)
Station Master.

(A. S. M)
Assistant Station Master.

(V. C)
Voice-Chancellor.

(A. G)
Accountant General.

(C. R)
Confidential Report.

(P.C.S)
Provincial Civil Service.

(M.E.S)
Military Engineering Service

(L.T.V)
Light Tactical Vehicle.

(H.T.V)
Heavy Transport Vehicle.

(EPI)
Electrical pressure injection

(ABS)
Antilock Breaking Sestem.

Full Form Of Some technical Words
VIRUS - Vital Information Resource
Under Seized.

(3G)
3rd Generation.

(4G)
4th Generation

(SMS)
Short Message Service.

(MMS) Multimedia Message Service.

(GSM)
Global System for Mobile
Communication.

(M.A.H)
Milli Ampere Hour.

(CDMA)
Code Divison Multiple
Access.

(UMTS)
Universal MobileTelecommunication
System.

(SIM)
Subscriber Identity Module

(AVI)
Audio Video Interleave

(RTS)
Real Time Streaming

(SIS)
Symbian
OS Installer File

(AMR)
Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec

(JAD)
Java Application Descriptor

(JAR)
Java Archive

(JAD)
Java Application Descriptor

(3GPP)
3rd Generation Partnership Project

(3GP)
3rd Generation Project

(H.D)
High Definition.

(MAA)
Mehboob Anwar Ansari

(MP3)
MPEG player lll

(MP4)
MPEG-4 video file
(AAC)
Advanced Audio Coding

(GIF)
Graphic Interchangeable Format

(JPEG)Joint Photographic Expert Group

(JPEG)
Joint Photographic Expert Group

(BMP)
Bitmap

(SWF)
Shock Wave Flash

(WMV)
Windows Media Video

(WMA)
Windows Media Audio

(WAV)
Waveform Audio

(PNG)
Portable Network Graphics

(DOC)
Document (MicrosoftCorporation

(PDF)
Portable Document Format

(M3G)
Mobile 3D Graphics

(M4A)
MPEG-4 Audio File

(NTH)
Nokia Theme (series 40)

(THM)
Themes (Sony Ericsson

(MMF)
Synthetic Music Mobile Application File

(NRT)
Nokia Ringtone

(XMF)
Extensible Music File

(WBMP)
Wireless Bitmap Image

(DVX)
DivX Video

(HTML)
Hyper Text Markup Language

(WML)
Wireless Markup Language

(CD)
Compact Disk.

(DVD)
Digital Versatile Disk.

(CRT)
Cathode Ray Tube.

(DAT)
Digital Audio Tape.

(DOS)
Disk Operating System

اردو گرامر

اسم نکرہ کا مفہوم- اردو گرائمر !!!
وہ اسم جو غیر معین شخص یا شے (اشخاص یا اشیا) کے معانی دے اسم نکرہ کہلاتا ہے ــ
یا
وہ اسم جو کسی عام جگہ، شخص یا کسی چیز کے لئے بولا جائے اسم نکرہ کہلاتا ہے اس اسم کو اسم عام بھی کہتے ہیں۔
اسم نکرہ کی اقسام
اسم ذات
اسم حاصل مصدر
اسم حالیہ
اسم فاعل
اسم مفعول
اسم استفہام
اسم ذات اُس اسم کو کہتے ہیں جس کے ذریعے کسی چیز کی تمیزدوسری چیزوں سے کی جائے۔
یا
وہ اسم جس میں ایک چیز کی حقیقت یا اصلیت کو دوسری چیز سے الگ سمجھا جائے اسم ذات کہلاتا ہے۔
اسم ذات کی مثالیں
1۔ قلم، دوات 2۔ صبح، شام 3۔ ٹیلی فون، میز 4۔ پروانہ، شمع 5۔ بکری، گائے 6۔ پنسل، ربڑ 7۔ مسجد، کرسی 8۔ کتاب، کاغذ 9۔ گھڑی،دیوار 10۔ کمپیوٹر، ٹیلی ویژن وغیرہ
اشعارکی مثالیں
زندگی ہو میرے پروانے کی صورت یارب علم کی شمع سے ہومجھ کو محبت یارب
صبح ہوتی ہے شام ہوتی ہے عمریوں ہی تمام ہوتی ہے
اسم ذات کی اقسام
1۔ اسم تصغیر 2۔ اسم مکبر 3۔ اسم ظرف 4۔ اسم آلہ 5۔ اسم صوت
1۔ اسم تصغیریا اسم مصغرکا مفہوم
وہ اسم جس میں کسی نام کی نسبت چھوٹائی کے معنی پائے جائیں اسم تصغیر یا اسم مصغر کہلاتا ہے۔
یا
اسم تصغیر وہ اسم ہے جس میں چھوٹا ہونے کے معنی پائے جائیں تصغیر کے معنی چھوٹا کے ہیں۔
یا
اسم تصغیر وہ اسم ہے جس میں کسی چیز کا چھوٹا ہونا ظاہرہو۔
اسم تصغیریا اسم مصغرکی مثالیں
گھر سے گھروندا، بھائی سے بھیا، دُکھ سے دُکھڑا، صندوق سے صندوقچہ، پنکھ سے پنکھڑی، دَر سے دَریچہ وغیرہ
2۔ اسم مکبر
وہ اسم ہے جس میں کسی چیز نسبت بڑائی کے معنی پائے جائیں اسم مکبر کہلاتا ہے۔
یا
اسم مکبر وہ اسم ہے جس میں بڑائی کے معنی پائے جائیں، کبیر کے معنی بڑا کے ہوتے ہیں۔
یا
اسم مکبر اس اسم کو کہتے ہیں جس میں بڑائی کے معنی ظاہر ہوں۔
مثالیں
لاٹھی سے لٹھ، گھڑی سے گھڑیال، چھتری سے چھتر، راہ سے شاہراہ، بات سے بتنگڑ، زور سے شہ زور وغیرہ
3۔ اسم ظرف
اسم ظرف اُس اسم کو کہتے ہیں جو جگہ یا وقت کے معنی دے۔
یا
ظرف کے معنی برتن یا سمائی کے ہوتے ہیں، اسم ظرف وہ اسم ہوتا ہے جو جگہ یا وقت کے معنی دیتا ہے۔
مثالیں
باغ، مسجد، اسکول۔ صبح، شام، آج، کل وغیرہ
اسم ظرف کی اقسام
اسم ظرف کی دو اقسام ہیں
اسم ظرف زماں
اسم ظرف مکاں
1۔ اسم ظرف زماں
اسم ظرف زماں وہ اسم ہوتا ہے جو کسی وقت (زمانے) کو ظاہر کرے
یا
ایسا اسم جو وقت یا زمانے کے معنی دے اسم ظرف زماں کہلاتا ہے۔
مثالیں
سیکنڈ، منٹ، گھنٹہ، دن، رات، صبح، شام، دوپہر، سہ پہر، ہفتہ، مہینہ، سال، صدی، آج، کل، پرسوں، ترسوں وغیرہ
2۔ اسم ظرف مکاں
اسم ظرف مکاں وہ اسم ہے جو جگہ یا مقام کے معنی دے۔
یا
وہ اسم جو کسی جگہ یا مقام کے لئے بولا جائے اُسے اسم ظرف مکاں کہتے ہیں۔
مثالیں
مسجد، مشرق، میدان، منڈی، سکول، زمین، آسمان، مدرسہ، وغیرہ
4۔ اسم آلہ
اُس اسم کو کہتے ہیں جو کسی آلہ یا ہتھیار کا نام ہو۔
یا
اسم آلہ وہ اسم ہے جو کسی آلہ یا ہتھیار کے لئے بولا جائے۔
یا
اسم آلہ اُس اسم کو کہتے ہیں جو کسی آلہ یا ہتھیار کا نام ہو، آلہ کے معنی اوزار یا ہتھیار کے ہوتے ہیں۔
مثالیں
گھڑی، تلوار، چُھری، خنجر، قلم، توپ، چھلنی وغیرہ
5۔ اسم صوت
وہ اسم جو کسی انسان، حیوان یا بے جان کی آواز دے اسم صوت کہلاتا ہے۔
اسم صوت وہ اسم ہے جو کسی جاندار یا بے جان کی آواز کو ظاہر کرے۔
ایسا اسم جو کسی جاندار یا بے جان کی آواز کو ظاہر کرے اسم صوت کہلاتا ہے، صوت کے معنی آواز کے ہوتے ہیں۔
مثالیں
کُٹ کُٹ مرغی کی آواز، چوں چوں چڑیا کی آواز، غٹرغوں کبوتر کی آواز، ککڑوں کوں مرغے کی آواز، کائیں کائیں کوے کی آواز وغیرہ
2۔۔ اسم حاصل مصدر
ایسا اسم جو مصدر سے بنا ہو اور جس میں مصدر کے معانی پائے جائیں اسم حاصل مصدر کہلاتا ہے۔
یا
وہ اسم جو مصدرنہ ہو لیکن مصدر کے معنی دے حاصل مصدر کہلاتا ہے۔
یا
وہ اسم جس میں مصدر کے معانی پائے جائیں یعنی جو مصدر کی کیفیت کو ظاہر کرے اسم حاصل مصدر کہلاتا ہے۔
مثالیں
مثلاً: چہکنا سے چہک، ملنا سے ملاب، پڑھنا سے پڑھائی، چمکنا سے چمک، گبھرانا سے گبھراہٹ، پکڑنا سے پکڑ، چمکنا سے چمک، سجانا سے سجاوٹ وغیرہ۔
3۔ اسم حالیہ
اسم حالیہ اُس اسم کو کہتے ہیں جو کسی فائل یا مفعول کی حالت کو ظاہر کرے۔
مثالیں
ہنستا ہوا، ہنستے ہنستے، روتا ہوا روتے روتے، گاتا ہوا، ٹہلتا ہوا، مچلتا ہوا، دوڑتا ہوا،
4۔ اسم فائل
ایسا اسم جو کسی کام کرنے والے کو ظاہر کرے اسم فائل کہلاتا ہے۔
یا
وہ اسم جو کسی کام کرنے والے کی جگہ استعمال ہو اسم فائل کہلاتا ہے۔
یا
وہ اسم جو کسی کام کرنے والے کو ظاہر کرے اور مصدر سے بنے اسم فائل کہلاتا ہے۔
مثالیں
لکھنا سے لکھنے والا، دیکھنا سے دیکھنے والا، سننا سے سننے والا، پڑھنا سے پڑھنے والا، رونا سے رونے والا وغیرہ۔
عربی کے اسم فاعل
اُردو میں عربی کے اسم فاعل استعمال ہوتے ہیں، جو عربی کے وزن پر اتے ہیں۔
مثالیں
عالم (علم والا)، قاتل (قتل کرنے والا)، حاکم (حکم دینے والا) وغیرہ۔
فارسی کے اسم فاعل
باغبان، ہوا باز، کاریگر، کارساز، پرہیز گار وغیرہ۔
اسم فائل کی اقسام
اسم فائل کی مندرجہ ذیل اقسام ہیں
اسم فاعل مفرد
اسم فائل مرکب
اسم فائل قیاسی
اسم فائل سماعی
1۔ اسم فائل مفرد
اسم فائل مفرد وہ اسم ہوتا ہے جو لفظِ واحد کی صورت میں ہو لیکن اُس کے معنی ایک سے زیادہ الفاظ پر مشتمل ہوں۔
مثالیں
ڈاکو( ڈاکا ڈالنے والا)، ظالم (ظلم کرنے والا)، چور (چوری کرنے والا)، صابر (صبر کرنے والا)۔ رازق (رزق دینے والا) وغیرہ
2۔ اسم فائل مرکب
ایسا اسم جو ایک سے زیادہ الفاظ کے مجموعے پر مشتمل ہو اسے اسم فائل مرکب کہتے ہیں۔
مثالیں
جیب کترا، بازی گر، کاریگر، وغیرہ
3۔ اسم فائل قیاسی
ایسا اسم جو مصدر سے بنے اُسے اسم فائل قیاسی کہتے ہیں۔
کھانا سے کھانے والا، سونا سے سونے والا، آنا سے آنے والا، دوڑنا سے دوڑنے والا وغیرہ
4۔ اسم فائل سماعی
ایسا اسم فائل جو مصدر سے کسی قاعدے کے مطابق نہ بنا ہو، بلکہ اہلِ زبان سے سننے میں آیا ہو، اُسے اسم فائل سماعی کہتے ہیں۔
مثالیں
شتربان، فیل بان، گویا، بھکاری، جادو گر، گھسیارا، پیغامبر، وغیرہ
فاعل اور اسم فاعل میں فرق
فاعل
فاعل ہمیشہ جامد اور کسی کام کرنے والے کا نام ہوتا ہےمثلا حامد نے اخبار پڑھا، عرفان نے خط لکھا امجد نے کھانا کھایا، اِن جملوں میں حامد، عرفان اورامجد فاعل ہیں۔
اسم فاعل
اسم فاعل ہمیشہ یا تو مصدر سے بنا ہوتا ہے۔ جیسا کہ لکھنا سے لکھنے والا، پڑھنا سے پڑھنے والا، کھانا سے کھانے والا، سونا سے سونے والا یا پھر اس کے ساتھ کوئی فاعلی علامت پائی جاتی ہے۔ مثلا پہرا دار،باغبان، کارساز، وغیرہ
5۔ اسم مفعول
ایسا اسم جو اُس شخص یا چیز کو ظاہر کرے جس پر کوئی فعل (کام) واقع ہوا ہو اسم مفعول کہلاتا ہے۔
یا
جو اسم کسی شخص، چیز یا جگہ کی طرف اشارہ کرے جس پر کوئی فعل یعنی کام واقع ہوا ہو اُسے اسم مفعول کہا جاتا ہے۔
مثالیں
دیکھنا سے دیکھا ہوا، سونا سے سویا ہوا، رونا سے رویا ہوا، جاگنا سے جاگا ہوا، پڑھنا سے پڑھا ہوا، سُننا سے سُنا ہوا، وغیرہ۔
اللہ مظلوم کی مدد کرتا ہے، وقت پر بویا گیا بیج آخر پھل دیتا ہے، رکھی ہوئی چیز کام آجاتی ہے، اِن جملوں میں مظلوم، بویا ہوا، رکھی ہوئی اسم مفعول ہیں۔
عربی کے اسم مفعول
عربی میں جو الفاظ مفعول کے وزن پر آتے ہیں، اسم مفعول کے طور پر استعمال ہوتے ہیں۔
مثالیں
مظلوم، مقتول، مخلوق، مقروض، مدفون وغیرہ
اسم مفعول کی اقسام
اسم مفعول کی دو اقسام ہیں
اسم مفعول قیاسی
اسم مفعول سماعی
1۔ اسم مفعول قیاسی
ایسا اسم جو قاعدے کے مطابق مصدر سے بنا ہو اسم مفعول قیاسی کہلاتا ہے۔
یا
ایسا اسم جو مقررہ قاعدے کے مطابق بنایا جائے اُسے اسم مفعول قیاسی کہتے ہیں اور اِس اسم کے بنانے کا طریقہ یہ ہے کہ ماضی مطلق کے بعد لفظ ”ہوا“ بڑھا لیتے ہیں۔
مثالیں
کھانا سے کھایا ہوا، سونا سے سویا ہوا، جاگنا سے جاگا ہوا، رکھنا سے رکھا ہوا، پڑھنا سے پڑھا ہوا، وغیرہ
2۔ اسم مفعول سماعی
ایسا اسم جو مصدر سے کسی قاعدے کے مطابق نہ بنے بلکہ اہلِ زبان سے سننے میں آیا ہو اُسے اسم مفعول سماعی کہتے ہیں۔ سماعی کے معنی سنا ہوا کے ہوتے ہیں۔
یا
ایسا اسم جو کسی قاعدے کے مطابق نہ بنا ہو بلکہ جس طرح اہلِ زبان سے سنا ہو اسی طرح استعمال ہو اسے اسم مفعول سماعی کہتے ہیں۔
مثالیں
دِل جلا، دُم کٹا، بیاہتا، مظلوم، وغیرہ
فارسی کے اسم مفعول سماعی
دیدہ (دیکھا ہوا)، شنیدہ (سنا ہوا)، آموختہ (سیکھا ہوا) وغیرہ
عربی کے اسم مفعول سماعی
مفعول کے وزن پر، مقتول، مظلوم، مکتوب، محکوم، مخلوق وغیرہ
مفعول اور اسم مفعول میں فرق
مفعول
مفعول ہمیشہ جامد ہوتا ہے اور اُس چیز کا نام ہوتا ہے جس پر کوئی فعل (کام) واقع ہوا ہو۔ جیسے عرفان نے اخبار پڑھا، فصیح نے خط لکھا، ثاقب نے کتاب پڑھی، اِن جملوں میں اخبار، خط اور کتاب مفعول ہیں۔
اسم مفعول
اسم مفعول ہمیشہ قاعدے کے مطابق مصدر سے بنا ہوتا ہے۔ جیسے سونا سے سویا ہوا، کھانا سے کھایا ہوا، پڑھنا سے پڑھا ہوا وغیرہ، عربی میں مفعول کے وزن پر آتا ہے: مظلوم، مخلوق، مکتوب وغیرہ، یا پھر فارسی مصدر سے بنتا ہے جیسے شنیدن سے شنیدہ، آموختن سے آموختہ وغیرہ
6۔ اسم استفہام
اسم استفہام اُس اسم کو کہتے ہیں جس میں کچھ سوال کرنے یا معلوم کرنے کے معنی پائے جائیں۔
مثالیں
کون، کب، کہاں کیسے، کیوں، وغیرہ۔
گروپ کریٹر : محمد رمضا ن چھینہ منکیرہ ضلع بھکر

Important Question

MISCELLANEOUS IMPORTANT AND SELECTED MCQS

Q: دنیا کی قدیم ترین مسجد کون سی ہے؟

A: خانہ کعبہ
B: مسجد نبوی
C: مسجد شہدا
D: مسجد نمرہ
Check Answer
خانہ کعبہ    

Q: قرآن مجید میں کس واحد آدمی کو اس کی کنیت سے یاد کیا گیاہے؟

A: قارون
B: فرعون
C: ابولہب
D: ہامان
Check Answer
ابولہب    

Q: پیغمبروں کی سر زمین کسے کہا جاتا ہے؟

A: فلسطین
B: شام
C: حجازمقدس
D: عراق
Check Answer
فلسطین    

Q: پہلااسلامی ملک جس نے ایٹم بم بنایا؟

A: ایران
B: پاکستان
C: عراق
D: سعودی عرب
Check Answer
پاکستان    

Q: حج کے دوران کتنے خطبے ہوتے ہیں؟

A: ایک
B: دو
C: تین
D: کوئی ہیں
Check Answer
ایک    

Q: حجراسود کو بوسہ دیناکیا کہلاتا ہے؟

A: استلام
B: شوط
C: ملتزم
D: مبرور
Check Answer
استلام    

Q: نماز جمعہ میں امام کے علاوہ کم از کم کتنے افراد ہوں؟

A: دو
B: پانچ
C: دس
D: بارہ
Check Answer
دہ    

Q: مردوں میں سب سے پہلے کس نے اسلام قبول کیا؟

A: حضرت حمزہ
B: حضرت علی
C: حضرت ابوبکر
D: حضرت عباس
Check Answer
حضرت ابوبکر    

Q: دنیا کی دوسری بڑی عمارت کس اسلامی ملک میں واقع ہے؟

A: قطر
B: ملائیشیا
C: ترکی
D: بحرین
Check Answer
ملائیشیا    

Q: ایسی کون سی سورہ ہے جس کے شروع میں تسمیہ (بسم اللہ) نہیں ہے؟

A: سورہ توبہ
B: سورہ انفال
C: سورہ یونس
D: سورہ اعراف
Check Answer
سورہ توبہ    

Q: قرآن مجید میں جہنم کے نگران کا کیا نام ہے؟

A: قہار
B: مالک
C: الرعد
D: نار
Check Answer
مالک    

Q: جان بوجچھ کار روزہ توڑنے سے لازم ہوتا ہے؟

A: صرف کفارہ
B: صرف قضا
C: قضاو کفارہ دونوں
D: کچھ بھی نہیں
Check Answer
قضاو کفارہ دونوں    

Q: خانہ کعبہ کے غلاف کو کیا کہا جاتاہے ؟

A: کسویٰ
B: ریشم
C: ستار
D: دائرہ
Check Answer
کسویٰ    

Q: پہلی اسلامی ریاست کہا قائم ہوئی؟

A: مکہ
B: مدینہ
C: کوفہ
D: بصرہ
Check Answer
مدینہ    

Q: جنت اور دوزخ کے درمیان کے مقام کو کیا کہتے ہیں؟

A: پل صراط
B: اعراف
C: یلملم
D: کوثر
Check Answer
اعراف    

Q: کس سن ہجری میں سود کو حرام قرار دیا گیا؟

A: 7ہجری
B: 9 ہجری
C: 10 ہجری
D: 11 ہجری
Check Answer
9 ہجری    

Q: نماز تراویح کیا ہے؟

A: واجب
B: فرض
C: سنت موکدہ
D: سنت
Check Answer
سنت موکدہ    

Q: لفظ محمد قرآن مجید میں کتنی مرتبہ آیاہے؟

A: دو
B: تین
C: چار
D: پانچ
Check Answer
چار    

Q: مکہ میں بت پرستی کی ابتداء کس نے کی؟

A: ابوجہل
B: عمرو بن لئحی
C: ابر ھہ
D: کرزبن جابر
Check Answer
عمرو بن لئحی    

Q: ابو جہل کا اصل نام کیا تھا؟

A: عمرو بن احمد
B: عمر و بن ہشام
C: حارث بن ہشام
D: ہاشم بن عمرو
Check Answer
عمروبن ہشام    

Q: شیطان کا اصل نام کیا ہے؟

A: ابابیل
B: اسرائیل
C: ہاقائیل
D: عزازیل
Check Answer
عزازیل    

Q: حضورﷺ کے وصال کے فوری بعد کس جھوٹے نبی کو ہلاک کیا گیا۔

A: مسلیمہ کذاب
B: اسود عنسی
C: طلیحہ بن خویلد
D: سجاح بنت حارث
Check Answer
اسود عنسی    

Q: غزوہ احد میں کافروں کا سردار کون تھا؟

A: ابو لہب
B: مکرمہ
C: خالد بن ولید
D: ابو سفیان
Check Answer
ابوسفیان    

Q: کس کافر کے نام سے ایک سورت قرآن پاک میں موجود ہے؟

A: سورۃ نصر
B: سورۃ اللہب
C: سورۃ الفیل
D: سورۃ العنکبوت
Check Answer
سورۃ اللہب    

Q: اللہ تعالیٰ نے قرآن مجید کا ذکر کتنے ناموں سے کیا؟

A: 35
B: 45
C: 55
D: 65
Check Answer
55    

Q: اسلام میں قتل کی سزاقتل ہے، اسے کیا کہتے ہیں؟

A: قصاص
B: خون بہا
C: حد
D: تعزیر
Check Answer
قصاص    

Q: ہر دور کا ذہین ترین آدمی کسے کہا جاتا ہے؟

A: آئین سٹائیں
B: ارسطو
C: افلاطون
D: فیشاغورث
Check Answer
ارسطو    

Q: Name the person who first translated the Holy Quran in Persian ?

A: Shah Rafi ud Din
B: Shah Walliullah
C: Khalid bin Waleed
D: Mujadid Alf Sani
Check Answer
Shah Walliullah    

Q: The biggest Ist plamic country with area is:

A: Kazakhstan
B: Libya
C: Sudan
D: Egypt
Check Answer
Kazakhstan    

Q: The last Fatimid ruler was:

A: Al Muizz
B: Al Adid
C: Al Mansur
D: None of these
Check Answer
Al Adid    

Q: The pact of Medina was signed between :

A: Ans and Khazraj
B: Jews and Muslims
C: Christians and Muslims
D: None of these
Check Answer
Jews and Muslims    

Q: The first attack on Constantinople was conducted by the Muslims in the reign of:

A: Hazrat Ali (RA)
B: Muawiyya
C: Merman l
D: Hazrat Usman (RA)
Check Answer
Muawiyya    

Q: The title of Miftah ul Khayr was of Abbasid ealiph:

A: Waleed l
B: Mamoon
C: Walee lll
D: None of these
Check Answer
Mamoon    

Q: Halaku Khan captured Baghdad in:

A: 1158 AD
B: 1258 AD
C: 1358 AD
D: 1458 AD
Check Answer
1258 AD    

Q: The first biography on the life of Holy Prophet (PBUH) is by:

A: Ibne Ishaq
B: Ibne e Hisham
C: Al Zarqali
D: Al Waqidi
Check Answer
Ibne e Hisham    

Q: Who is callled as the Herodotus of Arabs?

A: Tabari
B: Abdul Hassan Ali Al Masudi
C: Ibne Athir
D: None of these
Check Answer
Abdul Hassan Ali Al Masudi    

Q: The first great Arab alchemist was:

A: Ibne Sina
B: Jabir bin Hayyan
C: Al Razi
D: Yahya bin Mansoor
Check Answer
Jabir bin Hayyan    

Q: Who wrote Hisab at Jabr wal Muqablah?

A: Ibne Sina
B: Muhammad bin Musa Al Khwarzimi
C: Al Razi
D: Ali Beruni
Check Answer
Muhammad bin Musa Al Khwarzimi    

Q: Kingdom of Khwarzim was destroyed in 1218-20 AD by:

A: Halaku Khan
B: Changaiz Khan
C: Temur Lung
D: Qublai Khan
Check Answer
Changaiz Khan    

Q: With his death ended the glory of Abbasids the dead caliph was:

A: Haroon ur Rashid
B: Mamonn
C: Al Wasiq Billah
D: Al Mutasim Billah
Check Answer
Al Wasiq Billah    

Q: The foundation of the city of Baghdad was laid in 762 during the reign of Abbasid caliph:

A: Abu Muslim
B: Al Mansoor
C: Al Mahdi
D: Abdul Abbas
Check Answer
Al Mansoor    

Q: Gaza is the famous city of:

A: Egypt
B: Palestine
C: Jordan
D: Iran
Check Answer
Palestine    

Q: The conqueror of Central Asia was:

A: Khalid bin Waleed
B: Qutayba bin Muslim
C: Muhammad bin Qasim
D: None of these
Check Answer
Qutayba bin Muslim    

Q: Central Asia became the part of Muslim Empire during the reign of:

A: Yazid
B: Waleed l
C: Khalid bin Waleed
D: None of these
Check Answer
Waleed l    

Q: Baytal Hikmat was a :

A: Translation bureu
B: Observatory
C: Medical university
D: None of these
Check Answer
Translation bureau    

Q: His reign was the most glorious and brilliant in the intellectual history of Islam. These remarks refer to:

A: Amin
B: Al Mamun
C: Horoon
D: Umar bin Abdul Aziz
Check Answer
Al Mamun    

Q: In 712 AD Sindh Multan and part of the Punjab were annexed to the Muslim empire by:

A: Waleed l
B: Muhammad bin Qasim
C: Hijjaj bin Yousaf
D: Uqba bin Nafah
Check Answer
Muhammad bin Qasim    

Q: Babylon is the famous city of:

A: Iraq
B: Jordan
C: Kuwait
D: Greece
Check Answer
Iraq    

Q: Alexandria is the major seaport of:

A: Jordan
B: Iraq
C: Egypt
D: Iran
Check Answer
Egypt    

Q: Istanbul is the new name of:

A: Rome
B: Constantinuple
C: Iraq
D: Athens
Check Answer
Constantinople    

Q: Amr Muawiya transferred his capital from Kufa to:

A: Baghdad
B: Damascus
C: Makkah
D: Medina
Check Answer
Damascus    

Q: The commander of Muslims army in the Battle of Qadisiya was:

A: Amr bin Al Aas
B: Saad bin Abi Waqas
C: Muaviya
D: Khalid bin Waleed
Check Answer
Saad bin Abi Waqas    

Q: Battle of Mutah was fought between:

A: Muslims and Jews
B: Muslims and Romans
C: Muslims and Qurayash
D: Muslims and false prophests
Check Answer
Muslims and Romans    

Q: Ghazwa Khyber was fought between:

A: Muslims and Christians
B: Muslims and Jews
C: Muslims and None Muslims of Medina
D: Muslims and Hindus
Check Answer
Muslims and Jews    

Q: Conqueror of Egypt was :

A: Saad bin Abi Waqas
B: Amr bin Al Aas
C: Khalid bin Waleed (RA)
D: Muhammad bin Qasim
Check Answer
Amr bin Al Aas    

Q: Who is called as Muslim Alexander?

A: Khalid bin Waleed (RA)
B: Uqba bin Nafah
C: Saad bin Abi Waqas (RA)
D: Amr bin Al Aas (RA)
Check Answer
Uqba bin Nafah    

Q: The capital of Iraq is:

A: Baghdad
B: Kufa
C: Najaf
D: Tehran
Check Answer
Baghdad    

Q: During the Orthdox Caliphate who had the shortest tenure:

A: Hazrat Umar (RA)
B: Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)
C: Hazrat Usman (RA)
D: Hazrat Ali (RA)
Check Answer
Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)    

Q: During the Orthdox Caliphate, who had the longest tenure:

A: Hazrat Ali (RA)
B: Hazrat Usman (RA)
C: Hazrat Umar (RA)
D: Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique (RA)
Check Answer
Hazrat Usman (RA)    

Q: Hazrat Umar (RA) ruled for:

A: 8 years
B: 9 years
C: 10 years and 5 months
D: 12 years
Check Answer
10 years and 5 months    

Q: After the dBattle of the Camel Caliph Ali (RA) changed his capital from Medina to

A: Basra
B: Kufa
C: Makkah
D: None of these
Check Answer
Kufa    

Q: Hazrat Ali (RA) martyred in:

A: 35 Hijrah
B: 40 Hijrah
C: 45 Hijrah
D: 50 Hijrah
Check Answer
40 Hijrah    

Q: Hazrat Ali (RA) martyred at the age of:

A: 55
B: 58
C: 60
D: 67
Check Answer
60    

Q: The first Ummayed Caliph was:

A: Al Mughira
B: Ameer Muawiya
C: Yazid
D: None of these
Check Answer
Ameer Muawiya    

Q: A land tax imposed on the non Muslims cultivators and landlords was known as:

A: Jizya
B: Kharaj
C: Khums
D: None of these
Check Answer
Kharaj    

Q: Hazrat Abu Bakar (RA) died in:

A: 10th Hijrah
B: 11th Hijrah
C: 13th Hijrah
D: 15th Hijrah
Check Answer
13th Hijrah    

Q: Hazrat Abu Bakar reigned for about:

A: 2 years
B: 3 years
C: 2 years and 3 months
D: 4 years
Check Answer
2 years and 3 months    

Q: Who has been titled as the Saviour of Islam;

A: Caliph Umar (RA)
B: Caliph Abu Bakar (RA)
C: Khalid bin Waleed (RA)
D: Hazrat Ali (RA)
Check Answer
Caliph Abu Bakar (RA)    

Q: Who has been titled as Saifullah ?

A: Hazrat Ali (RA)
B: Hazrat Khalid Bin waleed (RA)
C: Abu Ubedah (RA)
D: Hazrat Umar (RA)
Check Answer
Hazrat Khalid Bin waleed (RA)    

Q: After the Battle of Yermuk, which was won by the Muslims Khalid bin Waleed was removed by the Caliph Umar (RA) from his supreme command. The new Supereme Commander was:

A: Amr bin Al Aas (RA)
B: Abu Ubaydah (RA)
C: Saad bin Abi Waqas (RA)
D: Hazrat Bilal (RA)
Check Answer
Abu Ubaydah (RA)    

Q: Who was teh first Katib e Wahi ?

A: Hazrat Ali (RA)
B: Hazrat Khalid bin Saeed (RA)
C: Hazrat Abu Hurairah (RA)
D: Hazrat Umar (RA)
Check Answer
Hazrat Khalid bin Saeed (RA)    

Q: Which Surah of the Holy Quran is called the heart of the Quran?

A: Surah Al Ikhlas
B: Surah Ya Sin
C: Surah Al Baqarah
D: Surah Ar Rehman
Check Answer
Surah Ya Sin    

Q: The Holy Prophet (PBUH) was poisoned by a Jewish hostess at the time of:

A: Ghazwa Uhad
B: Conquest of Khyber
C: Ghazwa Badr
D: Ghazwa Hunain
Check Answer
Conquest of Khyber    

Q: Jizya means:

A: Religious tax
B: Poll tax on non Muslims
C: Lands cultivated by non Muslims
D: Income from the minorities
Check Answer
Poll tax on non Muslims    

Q: The largest army that ever marched out of Medina was in:

A: Ghazwa Uhad
B: Ghazwa Tabuk
C: Ghazwa Saweeq
D: Ghazwa Ahzab
Check Answer
Ghazwa Tabuk    

Q: The largest army that ever marched out of Medina was consisted of:

A: 10,000 Men
B: 30,000 Men
C: 40,000 Men
D: 45,000 Men
Check Answer
30,000 Men    

Q: Abdullah bin Ubay was a :

A: Hypocrite
B: Christian
C: Jew
D: Great Leader
Check Answer
Hypocrite    

Q: Makkah was conquered in:

A: 8th Hijrah
B: 9th Hijrah
C: 10 Hijrah
D: 12th Hijrah
Check Answer
8th Hijrah    

Q: The Treaty of Hudabia was signed in:

A: 5th Hijrah
B: 6th Hijrah
C: 7th Hijrah
D: 8th Hijrah
Check Answer
6th Hijrah    

Q: Holy Prophet (PBUH) delivered his farewell sermon at Arafat on:

A: 8th Zulhajj
B: 10th Zulhajj
C: 9th Zulhajj
D: 11th Zulhajj
Check Answer
10th Zulhajj    

Q: Who was the commander of Infidels in the battle of Ditch?

A: Amr
B: Abu Sufyan
C: Abu Jahl
D: Abu Lahb
Check Answer
Abu Sufyan    

Q: Who gave the idea to dig a ditch around the city of Medina?

A: Hazrat Umar (RA)
B: Hazrat Salman Farsi (RA)
C: Hazrat Ali (RA)
D: Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed (RA)
Check Answer
Hazrat Salman Farsi (RA)    

Q: The Holy Prophet (PBUH) died on:

A: June 8,632 AD
B: July 15,630 AD
C: August 20,632 AD
D: May 25,631 AD
Check Answer
June 8,632 AD    

Q: Wara bin Naufel was:

A: Christian
B: Later on embrassed Islam
C: follower of religion of Hazrat Ibrahim (AS)
D: A Jew
Check Answer
Christian    

Q: Holy Prophet (PBUH) died on the day of:

A: Friday
B: Saturday
C: Monday
D: Tuesday
Check Answer
Monday    

Q: Total number of mujahideen in the army of Ghazwa Badr were:

A: 210
B: 313
C: 380
D: 413
Check Answer
313    

Q: How many Muslims martyred in Ghazwa Badr:

A: 10
B: 14
C: 18
D: 20
Check Answer
14    

Q: How many Infidels were killed in Ghazwa Badr?

A: 50
B: 60
C: 70
D: 80
Check Answer
70    

Q: Ghazwa Uhd was fought in the year:

A: 580 AD
B: 600 AD
C: 625 AD
D: 630 AD
Check Answer
625 AD    

Q: What is the meanings of Sariyya?

A: A poetess
B: A famous Arabian saint
C: A battle not attended by the Holy Prophet (PBUH)
D: Secret treaties of the Munafeqeen
Check Answer
A battle not attended by the Holy Prophet (PBUH)    

Q: Who was the commander of the Infidels in the Battle of Badr?

A: Abdul Sufyan
B: Abu Jahl
C: Utbah
D: Abu Lahb
Check Answer
Abu Jahl    

Q: Which Prophet of Allah is dignified with special title "Khalilullah"?

A: Hazrat Adam (AS)
B: Hazrat Nuh (AS)
C: Hazrat Ibrahim (AS)
D: Hazrat Essa (AS)
Check Answer
Hazrat Ibrahim (AS)    

Q: Who introduced the jail system for detention of prisoners?

A: Hazrat Umar (RA)
B: Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)
C: Hazrat Ali (RA)
D: Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed (RA)
Check Answer
Hazrat Umar (RA)    

Q: The police force was set up during the Caliphate:

A: Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)
B: Hazrat Umar (RA)
C: Hazrat Usman (RA)
D: Hazrat Ali (RA)
Check Answer
Hazrat Umar (RA)    

Q: Identify the last Ghazwa in which the Holy Prophet (PBUH) participated.

A: Mutah
B: Tabuk
C: Hunain
D: Ahzab
Check Answer
Tabuk    

Q: Identify the number of Surahs in the Holy Quran which are on the names of various prophets.

A: 4
B: 6
C: 8
D: 10
Check Answer
6    

Q: When did the Holy Prophet (PBUH) perform "Hajjat-ul-Wada"?

A: 630 AD
B: 632 AD
C: 633 AD
D: 636 AD
Check Answer
632 AD    

Q: How long did the Holy Quran take for its complete revelation?

A: 20 years 5 months and 14 days
B: 22 years 5 month and 14 days
C: 25 years 5 month and 14 days
D: 30 years 5 months and 14 days
Check Answer
22 years 5 month and 14 days    

Q: How many verses of Surah Al-Alaq were first revealed on the Holy Prophet (PBUH)?

A: 3
B: 5
C: 8
D: 12
Check Answer
5    

Q: Injeel (Bible) is the Holy Book of:

A: Hindus
B: Christians
C: Parsis
D: Jews
Check Answer
Christians    

Q: The Holy Book of Jews is:

A: Injeel
B: Torah
C: Zubur
D: None of these
Check Answer
Torah    

Q: The Holy Book revealed to Hazrat Daud (AS) is:

A: Injeel
B: Taurat
C: Zubur
D: None of these
Check Answer
Zubur    

Q: The duty of Hazrat Mekail is:

A: Incharge of protection and also to bring rains
B: To blow the trumpet on the Day of Judgement
C: Incharge of taking the life of living creatures
D: None of these
Check Answer
Incharge of protection and also to bring rains    

Q: The duty of Hazrat Israfeel is:

A: Incharge of protection and also to bring rains
B: To blow the trumpet on the Day of Judgement
C: Incharge of taking the life of living creatures
D: None of these
Check Answer
To blow the trumpet on the Day of Judgement    

Q: The duty of Angel Izrael is

A: To blow trumpet on the Day of Judgement
B: Taking the life of living creatures
C: Both of them
D: None of them
Check Answer
Taking the life of living creatures    

Q: Duty of Angel Hazrat Gibriel is:

A: In charge of protection and also to bring rains
B: To blow trumpet
C: Takeing the life of living things
D: None of these
Check Answer
None of these    

Q: The angels, who are said to be incharge of the graves and initial accountability are:

A: Munkar and Nakeer
B: Kiraman Katabeen
C: Hazrat Israfil
D: Hazrat Mekail
Check Answer
Munkar and Nakeer    

Q: The name of the sixth Kalimah is:

A: Kalimah Tamjeed
B: Kalimah Tauheed
C: Kalimah Radde-i-Kufar
D: Kalimah Shahadat
Check Answer
Kalimah Radd-i--Kufar    

Q: The name of the fifth Kalimah is:

A: Kalimah Tauheed
B: Kalimah Shahadat
C: Kalimah Istighfar
D: Kalimah Tamjeed
Check Answer
Kalimah Istighfar    

Q: The name of the fourth Kalimah is:

A: Kalimah Tayyabah
B: Kalimah Tauheed
C: Kalimah Istighfar
D: Kalimah Shahadat
Check Answer
Kalimah Tauheed    

Q: The name of third Kalimah:

A: Kalimah Radd-i-Kufar
B: Kalimah Tayabbah
C: Kalimah Tamjeed
D: Kalimah Tauheed
Check Answer
Kalimah Tamjeed    

Q: The name of the second Kalimah is:

A: Kalima Istighfar
B: Kalima Shahadat
C: Kalima Tauheed
D: Kalima Radd-i-Kufar
Check Answer
Kalima Shahadat    

Q: The name of the first Kalimah is:

A: Kalima Tayyabah
B: Kalima Shahadat
C: kalima Tamjeed
D: Kalima Tauheed
Check Answer
Kalima Tayyabah    

Q: The total number of Madni Surahs are:

A: 28
B: 30
C: 32
D: 35
Check Answer
28    

Q: The total number of Makki Surahs are:

A: 80
B: 86
C: 88
D: 92
Check Answer
86    

Q: The number of Prophets whose names are in the Holy Quran is:

A: 10
B: 25
C: 35
D: 45
Check Answer
25    

Q: The shortest Surah in the Holy Quran is:

A: Surah An-Nisa
B: Surah Al-Ahzab
C: Surah Al-Baqarah
D: Surah Al-Kauthar
Check Answer
Surah Al-Kauthar    

Q: The longest Surah in the Holy Quran is:

A: Surah Al Imran
B: Surah Al-Baqarah
C: Surah Al-Falaq
D: Surah An-Nisa
Check Answer
Surah Al-Baqarah    

Q: The last Surah in the Holy Quran is:

A: Surah Ya Sin
B: Surah Al-Nas
C: Surah Al-Falaq
D: Surah Al-Kauthar
Check Answer
Surah Al-Nas    

Q: The first Surah in the Holy Quran is:

A: Surah Al-Fatihah
B: Surah Al-Baqarah
C: Surah Al-Imran
D: Surah Al-Ikhals
Check Answer
Surah Al-Fatihah 
[Abu Mashaal]